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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 297-301, set. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431446

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Tuberculosis (TB) es una de las diez causas principales de muerte en el mundo, y la principal causa por un solo agente infeccioso. La detección precoz del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMT) y de mutaciones que confieren resistencia a los principales fármacos empleados en la terapia antituberculosa, contribuye a la disminución de la transmisión de la infección y consecuentemente a la expansión de la TB resistente. La prueba GeneXpertMTB/RIF, mediante ensayos de PCR en tiempo real identifica de manera simultánea el CMT y detecta las mutaciones más frecuentemente asociadas con resistencia a rifampicina. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el rendimiento del método GeneXpertMTB/RIF en lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) frente al lavado bronquial (LB) en pacientes inmunocompetentes con sospecha clínica de TB pulmonar, sin documentación microbiológica previa. Materiales y Métodos: Se incorporaron prospectivamente pacientes con infiltrados radiológicos pulmonares compatibles con TB activa o residual sin tratamiento previo, con baciloscopia directa negativa o tos improductiva, para valoración de enfermedad activa. Se identificó el segmento más afectado mediante tomografía axial computada realizándose broncoscopia con BAL en dicho segmento, seguido de LB en todo el lóbulo afectado. Se consideró significativa una recuperación del BAL >40%. Las muestras obtenidas fueron procesadas para baciloscopia, cultivo y GeneXpertMTB/RIF. Se analizó la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) tomando como referencia el cultivo en medio sólido para el diagnóstico del CMT. Resultados: Se incorporaron 20 pacientes, se excluyeron 3 por no obtener una muestra representativa de BAL. Se estudiaron 17 pacientes (11 mujeres, 65%), edad 37.2 ± 16.3 años. Se identificó al CMT con métodos convencionales en 10 pacientes: 10 con cultivo positivo en LB y 9 en BAL. Comparando con métodos convencionales, 6 de 17 muestras obtenidas mediante BAL fueron positivas con GeneXpertMTB/RIF: S = 60.0% (IC 31%-83%), E = 100% (IC 65%-100%), VPP = 100% (IC 61%-100%) y VPN = 64% (IC 35.4%-84.8%). Con LB, 9 de 17 fueron Xpert MTB/RIF positivas: S = 90.0% (IC 60%-98%), E = 100% (IC 65%-100%), VPP = 100% (IC 70%-100%) y VPN = 88% (IC 53%-98%). Todos los casos identificados con GeneXpertMTB/RIF fueron verdaderos positivos en relación con los cultivos convencionales. Conclusión: Considerando al cultivo sólido como método de referencia, el LB resultó más sensible que el BAL para el diagnóstico de infección tuberculosa por el método de GeneXpertMTB/RIF en los pacientes con sospecha de TB sin documentación microbiológica previa.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Communicable Diseases , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 21(3): 302-306, set. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1431447

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide, and the main cause from a single infectious agent. Early detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and of mutations conferring resistance to the main drugs used in antituberculous treatment contributes to reducing the transmission of the infection, and consequently the spread of resistant TB. The GeneXpert MTB/ RIF test identifies the MTC and simultaneously detects mutations most frequently associated with rifampicin resistance, through real-time PCR testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF method in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with bronchial lavage (LB) in immunocompetent patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB without any previous microbiological documentation. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with radiologic pulmonary infiltrates compatible with active or residual TB without previous treatment, with negative direct bacilloscopy or nonproductive cough, for the assessment of active disease. We identified the most affected segment through computed axial tomography and bronchoscopy with BAL in said segment, followed by BL of the affected lobe. A BAL recovery > 40% was considered significant. The samples obtained were processed for bacilloscopy, culture and GeneXpert MTB/RIF. We analyzed sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), taking the solid culture medium as reference for the diagnosis of MTC. Results: We included 20 patients; 3 were excluded because they didn't have a representative BAL sample. 17 patients were evaluated (11 women, 65%), age 37.2 ± 16.3. The MTC was identified through conventional methods in 10 patients: 10 with positive culture in BL and 9 in BAL. In comparison with the conventional methods, 6 out of 17 samples obtained through BAL had a positive result for GeneXpert MTB/ RIF: S = 60.0% (CI 31%-83%), SP = 100% (CI 65%-100%), PPV = 100% (CI 61%-100%) and NPV = 64% (CI 35.4%-84.8%). With BL, 9 out of 17 had a positive result for Xpert MTB/RIF: S = 90.0% (CI 60%-98%), SP = 100% (CI 65%-100%), PPV = 100% (CI 70%-100%) and NPV = 88% (CI 53%-98%). All the cases identified with GeneXpert MTB/RIF were true positives in relation to conventional cultures. Conclusion: Considering the solid culture as reference method, the BL was more sensitive than the BAL for the diagnosis of tubercu lous infection through the GeneXpert MTB/RIF method in patients with suspected TB without previous microbiological documentation.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Communicable Diseases , Bronchoalveolar Lavage
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